V1 is a desired state and V2 is the action performed in order to realize that state. The verb in V1dic.ように is usually something over which one does not have control or a verb in the potential form. On the other hand, both volitional and nonvolitional verbs are used in V1ないように.
じゅぎょうに間に合うように、教室まで走って行きました。
I ran to the classroom so as to be on time for class.
帰ってすぐねられるように、へやにふとんをしいておきました。
I laid out the beddings in my room [before leaving home] so that I could go to bed right away after getting home.
シャツがかわくように、火のそばへ持って行きました。
I took my shirt near the fire so that it would dry [quickly].
会議におくれないように、早く家を出ましょう。
Let's leave the house early so that we won't be late for the meeting.
Lesson 16-4「数が数えられるようになりました。」
S/he has become able to count numbers.
Lesson 20-3「経営学をべんきょうするために、来日しました。」
I came to Japan to study business administration.
【V ように vs. V ために】
1. <Verb (potential form) + ように>
会話が覚えられるように、毎晩テープを聞きます。(×ために)
(I listen to the tape every night so that I can memorize dialogs) <Volitional Verb + ために> 会話が覚えられるために、毎晩テープを聞きます。(×ように) (I listen to the tape every night in order to memorize dialogs.) <Intransitive Verb + ように> いい学生が入るように、(大学は)むずかしいしけんをします。(×ために) (Colleges give difficult examinations so that good students would get in.) <Transitive Verb + ために> いい学生を入れるために、(大学は)むずかしいしけんをします。(×ように) (Colleges give difficult examinations in order to admit good students.) 2. When the subject of the subordinate clause is different from the subject of the main clause, only ~ように is used, regardless of the type of verb (e.g., volitional, nonvolitional, potential, negative.)
学生がわかるように、(先生は)れいをあげて、説明しました。(×ために)
(The teacher explained it by giving examples so that the students would understand.) 学生が毎日べんきょうするように、先生はしゅくだいをたくさんだします。(×ために) (The teacher gives a lot of assignments so that students will study every day.) |